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No one would have believed in the last years of
the nineteenth century that this world was being watched keenly and
closely by intelligences greater than man's and yet as mortal as his
own; that as men busied themselves about their various concerns they
were scrutinised and studied, perhaps almost as narrowly as a man with
a microscope might scrutinise the transient creatures that swarm and
multiply in a drop of water... Yet across the gulf of space,
minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that
perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this
earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans
against us
The War of the Worlds (1898)
H.
G. Wells's novel about a Martian invasion of Earth is one of those rare
books that both introduces a concept and nails it so firmly that
everything that came after has been little more than variations on
what Wells laid down. The idea of Great Britain, then the
greatest military power on Earth, confronting an invasion force from a
more advanced civilisation and being utterly routed was both
frightening and fascinating. Especially since ray guns were
involved.
Wells's cleverness wasn't in having Martians as his
villains, but in his understanding of how a mechanised invasion might
take place; not surprising when you consider that he was an authority
on war gaming. He also knew how to limit his story. Many
people believe that Martians conquered the entire world in the book
when, in fact, they never got beyond the Home Counties. This
made the narrative much more believable and easier for Wells to keep
under control.
The War of the Worlds has it all. It
has your bizarre aliens from a super-advanced, albeit dying Mars.
It has your giant fighting machines. It has your heat rays.
It has your population fleeing in panic from the relentlessly
advancing menace. It has your helpless armed forces withering
under the Martian onslaught. And it has the now cliché ending
where the Martians succumb not to any stratagem of man's, but to the
the invaders' lack of immunity to our native diseases.
Just goes to show what happens when you don't pay
attention to the hygiene films.
On
30 October 1938, Orson Welles, the infant terrible of radio,
theatre, and cinema, and his Mercury Theatre on the Air performed an
adaptation of The War of the Worlds on the CBS Radio Network.
The script by Howard Koch shifted the action from Victorian England to
modern New Jersey and the story was told as if it was a real news
broadcast of a Martian landing that was so convincing that it caused a
nationwide panic as listeners reacted to the fall of New York to the
invaders.
Afterward, Welles claimed that the whole thing was a ghastly mistake
and he never intended for anyone to be taken in by his little
Halloween prank.
Yeah... Right...
The
1953 George Pal film version of the book transferred the setting yet again to
California. This time the Martians were suitably updated so that
they could shrug off atomic bombs, black out radio communications, and
run away screaming from Gene Barry like frightened little girls.