A space suit is a marvellous piece of
machinery - a little space station with everything miniaturized.
Mine was a chrome-plated helmet and shoulder yoke which merged
into a body of silicone, asbestos, and glass-fibre cloth. This
hide was stiff except at the joints. They were the same rugged
material but were "constant volume" - when you bent a knee a
bellows arrangement increased the volume over the knee cap as much
as the space back of the knee was squeezed. Without this a man
wouldn't be able to move; the pressure inside, which can add up to
several tons, would hold him rigid as a statue. These volume
compensators were covered with dural armour; even the finger
joints had little dural plates over the knuckles.
It had a heavy glass-fibre belt with clips for tools, and there
were the straps to adjust for height and weight. There was a back
pack, now empty, for air bottles, and zippered pockets inside and
out, for batteries and such.
The helmet swung back, taking a bib out of the yoke with it,
and the front opened with two gasketed zippers; this left a door
you could wiggle into. With helmet clamped and zippers closed it
was impossible to open the suit with pressure inside.
Switches were mounted on the shoulder yoke and on the helmet;
the helmet was monstrous. It contained a drinking tank, pill
dispensers six on each side, a chin plate on the right to switch
radio from "receive" to "send," another on the left to increase or
decrease flow of air, an automatic polarizer for the face lens,
microphone and earphones, space for radio circuits in a bulge back
of the head, and an instrument board arched over the head. The
instrument dials read backwards because they were reflected in an
inside mirror in front of the wearer's forehead at an effective
fourteen inches from the eyes.
Above the lens or window there were twin headlights. On top
were two antennas, a spike for broadcast and a horn that squirted
microwaves like a gun-you aimed it by facing the receiving
station. The horn antenna was armoured except for its open end.
This sounds as crowded as a lady's purse but everything was
beautifully compact; your head didn't touch anything when you
looked out the lens. But you could tip your head back and see
reflected instruments, or tilt it down and turn it to work chin
controls, or simply turn your neck for water nipple or pills. In
all remaining space sponge-rubber padding kept you from banging
your head no matter what. My suit was like a fine car, its helmet
like a Swiss watch. But its air bottles were missing; so was radio
gear except for built-in antennas; radar beacon and emergency
radar target were gone, pockets inside and out were empty, and
there were no tools on the belt. The manual told what it ought to
have - it was like a stripped car.
Carry steel bottles on your back; they hold "air" (oxygen and
helium) at a hundred and fifty atmospheres, over 2000 pounds per
square inch; you draw from them through a reduction valve down to
150 p.s.i. and through still another reduction valve, a "demand"
type which keeps pressure in your helmet at three to five pounds
per square inch-two pounds of it oxygen. Put a silicone-rubber
collar around your neck and put tiny holes in it, so that the
pressure in the body of your suit is less, the air movement still
faster; then evaporation and cooling will be increased while the
effort of bending is decreased. Add exhaust valves, one at each
wrist and ankle-these have to pass water as well as gas because
you may be ankle deep in sweat.
The bottles are big and clumsy, weighing around sixty pounds
apiece, and each holds only about five mass pounds of air even at
that enormous pressure; instead of a month's supply you will have
only a few hours - my suit was rated at eight hours for the
bottles it used to have.